论保险法的最大诚信原则-法律专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 自英国 1906 年《海上保险法》首先确立最大诚信原则以后，英美法系和大 陆法系的代表性国家的保险法或保险实务都先后采用了此项原则。最大诚信原则 是保险法的基本原则，它在本质上要求保险活动公平、合理，要求达到一种利益 的平衡。其与诚实信用原则有很多的相似之处，但也有很大的不同，最大诚信原 则对保险活动的当事人的要求较之诚实信用原则对普通民商事合同当事人的要 求更高。我国保险法已确立了实质意义上的最大诚信原则。 保险商品生产、交易和消费的特殊性容易导致道德风险和逆向选择，而最大 诚信原则是克服道德风险和逆向选择的有效策略，这是世界各国保险法确立最大 诚信原则的共同原因。我国经济、文化和社会发展的特殊性导致保险供给者、保 险中介者及保险消费者的诚信缺失是我国保险法确立最大诚信的特殊原因。 我国保险法规定的告知义务、说明义 务和通知义务是最大诚信原则的重要内 容。告知义务和通知义务是根据最大诚信原则对投保人和被保险人课以的义务。 说明义务是保险人的最大诚信义务。 我国保险法虽然规定了上述最大诚信义务，但是这些规定存在不足。最大诚 信原则是随着时代变化而发展的，它有着更为丰富的内涵，为适应我国保险业的 实际需要，我国保险法应该完善最大诚信原则的相关立法。其完善可以从两方面 着手，一是对现有的告知义务、说明义务和通知义务的立法予以完善，二是增设 保险人、保险代理人和保险业务员的建议义务、引入投保人和被保险人的保证制 度以及确立保险人的弃权和禁反 言制度。 关键词 : 保险法；最大诚信；义务；保证；弃权和禁反言 II II Abstract The utmost good faith principle was first established in “Marine Insurance Act ” of Great Britain in 1906, which has been adopted one after another in insurance law or insurance practice by representative countries belonging to common- law system and continental law system later. It is primary principle of insurance law which requires that activities of insurance be fair and proper and balance of interests be reached. It has many similarities as well as great differences compared to good faith principle ─ the former requires higher demand on party concerned in insurance than the latter does on common party concerned in civil and commercial contract. The utmost good faith principle has been in essence established in insurance law of our country. The common reason why the utmost good faith principle is established in insurance law of many countries of many countries all over the world is that the specialities in production, trade and consumption of insurance commodity easily lead to moral hazard and converse selecting, which can be overcomed by the utmost good faith principle as an effective strategy. The special reason why the utmost good faith is established in insurance law of our country is that the specialities of our country’s economical, cultural and social development lead to l