论福斯特物质变换裂缝理论-国外马克思主义研究专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 中文摘要 历史的发展再一次证明，人类对自然的每一次索取，都会遭到自然的报复，日趋严 峻的环境问题就是最直接的体现。特别是工业革命以后，资本主义国家对经济的“非理 智”追求，使得自然资源的开发和掠夺更加疯狂。他们在享受资本主义经济带来的“累 累硕果”时，对自然的保护却“充耳不闻”。这样直接把人与自然对立起来，生态环境 问题日益突出，人类生存面临挑战。在这样的现实背景下，一些学者把视线转向生态问 题的研究。美国生态学者约翰·贝拉米·福斯特就是其中一位。他在研读马克思经典著 作的基础上，通过剖析资本主义与生态危机之间的关系，提出了“物质变换裂缝”理论， 揭示了资本主义生态危机产生的根本原因，就是资本主义制度本身。 全文分绪论、主体两部分。绪论中主要简述了研究的背景、理论与实践的意义以及 国内外研究现状。主体分为三部分，第一部分是福斯特物质变换裂缝理论提出的背景, 包括社会背景和理论背景。第二部分是物质变换裂缝理论的内容概述，包括物质变换概 念的发展及其内涵、产生的原因、造成的影响以及裂缝的解决方法。第三部分是对物质 变换裂缝理论的综合评析，包括物质变换裂缝理论的贡献、存在的缺陷以及对我国社会 主义生态文明建设的启示。 关键词：福斯特 物质变换裂缝理论 生态危机 ABSTRACT It has been once again proved by history that every request from the nature by human beings will receive revenge, and the increasingly serious ecological crisis witnesses this revenge. Especially after the industrial revolution, the capitalist countries pursue irrational economic development, being crazy in exploiting and plundering natural resources. In the process of enjoying the “fruits” of capitalist economy, they pay no attention to the protection of nature. Thus, they are in the opposite position of nature, making the ecological environment worse, and challenging human survival. Under such circumstance, some scholars, like John Bellamy Foster, turn their researches onto the ecological research. After studying the classics of Marx, Foster realizes the relationship between capitalism and ecological crisis, then puts forward the theory of metabolic rift and reveals the fact that the fundamental cause of ecological crisis of capitalism is the capitalism system. The letter can be divided into two parts: the introduction, and the main part. The introduction mainly describes the research background, the significance of the theory and practice, and the researches both at home and abroad. The main part is divided into three parts. The first part is about the theory background of Foster’s theory of Metabolic Rift, including the social background and theoretical background. The second part is the summary of metabolic rift theo