耳鼻咽喉－头颈外科学幻灯片完整课件.ppt

轻度鼻炎 中度鼻炎 轻度过 敏性哮喘 重度鼻炎 +结膜炎 中度鼻炎 +结膜炎 中度过 敏性哮喘 重度过 敏性哮喘 过敏原避免/去除 (如果可能的话) 口服抗组胺药 局部使用皮质类固醇 鼻/ 眼使用色甘酸钠制剂 口服皮质类固醇 标准化脱敏治疗 * * * * During the early-phase response, continued allergic exposure causes IgE-coated mast cells to degranulate releasing mediators of inflammation, such as histamine, that trigger many of the common symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis. After a single allergen challenge, approximately 30% to 40% of patients develop a late-phase reaction (starting 4 to 5 hours and peaking 6 to 12 hours after the challenge) that is manifested in the form of nasal obstruction and, t