论我国民事诉讼当事人取证权的保障-法律·民事诉讼法学专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 在民事审判方式改革过程中，证据制度改革的主要表现是采取了以当事人收 集证据为主、法院调查取证为辅的方式。然而，对于当事人而言，却没有因举证 责任的加重而扩大当事人的取证权利，当事人“取证难”仍然是不争的事实，特 别是当第三人持有证据时，当事人取证变得更加困难。 以取证制度的立法和实践中存在的问题为切入点，深入分析取证难的原因， 并在我国现行法治观念和法治现实环境下，以第三人持有证据为视角，从立法和 司法两方面探索市场经济条件下如何解决取证难的问题，以保障当事人取证权的 实现有着重要的意义。 当事人取证权的实现应有着确切的措施来保障，在强化当事人举证责任的同 时应将抽象的取证权利具体化、程序化、制度化和实效化，并且应扩大当事人申 请法院取证的范围，加重对被取证人无正当理由拒不提供证据的惩罚力度，为激 励被取证人提供证据、防止“黑市证据”的产生，应给予被取证人一定的补偿和 收益，并对补偿费的支付时间和支付方式进行具体规定，以及加大对伪证的处罚 力度，这些措施都是从正向的激励机制和异向的激励机制两个方面来促使当事人 提供证据，使得证据市场供给充分。 充许当事人采用多种取证手段，进一步规范法院依职权的取证行为，以及落 实对妨碍取证行为的处罚制度，使法院能依法办事开出真正需要开出的罚单，有 利于促使持有证据的第三人提供证据。 针对被取证人拒不提供证据的各种情况，应采用多层次、多元化的防范措施， 使各制度、各程序相互协调形成体系，促使证据持有人向当事人提供证据，从而 加强对当事人取证权的保障。 关键词: 取证难；取证权；经济补偿权；取证申请 II II Abstract In the civil trial way reform process, one of evidence system reforms performance is adopted the parties are primarily and the court is auxiliary on collecting evidence. However, parties haven’t been expanded their evidence collection rights with their onus of proof aggravation. Parties “difficulty on evidence collection” still exist, especially when the third party holding the evidence, the parties collect evidence becomes more difficult. Under our country legal environment, this article start with the third party holding evidence angle, research how to solve problems from legislation and judicial, so as to safeguards the parties right on evidence collection. View on legislative, making evidence collection rights in detailing, programming, institution and reality can strengthen parties’ evidence providing liability. On improving remedies aspect, we may consider enlarging the scope about parties applying for evidence collection by court, and aggravating the punishment to the third parties who have not justification and refuse to provide evidence. In the economical compensations drive system aspect, we may supply the third party some income, carry on the stipulation to the compensation time and fee’s payment pattern and enlarge punishment to forged evidence. In judicial pr