初中时态和语态.docVIP

英语语态部分 一、语态概述:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成:被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is/are＋spoken 一般过去时：was／were＋spoken 一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken 过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的） This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。(不知道这座桥是何人修建的) (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 (3)当动作执行者为物而非人的时候，一般用被动语态表达。例如：The old window has been opened by the strong storm, hard to repair again.这扇陈旧的窗户已经被狂风暴雨吹打开了，难以再继续修补了。 (4)用在固定的句型结构中表达，It is said /reported/believed/showed（据说/据报道/据相信/据展示）…+that +句子，这种特殊的结构中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that后面的句子。比如：It is said that there will be a heavy wind and a sharp fall of temperature in the coming weeks.据说在接下来的一个周将会迎来大风和强降温天气。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态中的主语（动作的执行者）放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. =======》He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.======》The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree.=======》A tree was cut down by him. 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成： We can repair this watch in two days.======》This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once.======》It should be done at once. 【被动语态同步达标练习】 Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题) 1 .The medicine ____in a dry and cool place .(2000年重庆市) A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep 2 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must __down too many trees . (2001年安徽省) A .stop to out B .stop from cutting C .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting 3 .The key ___ for locking the classroom door . (2001年广西省) A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use 4 .A new schoo