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Taganov et al. NF-κB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses. PNAS. 2006; 103(33): 12481–12486. Liu et al. MiR-147, a microRNA that is induced upon Toll-like receptor stimulation, regulates murine macrophage inflammatory responses. PNAS. 2009; 106(37): 15819–15824. Taganov et al. MicroRNAs and immunity: tiny players in a big field. Immunity. 2007; 26(2): 133–137. Xiao et al. MicroRNA control in the immune system: basic principles. Cell. 2009; 136(1): 26–36. O’Connell et al. MicroRNA-155 is induced during the macrophage inflammatory response. PNAS. 2007; 104, 1604–1609. O’Connell et al. Inositol phosphatase SHIP1 is a primary target of miR-155. PNAS. 2009; 106(17): 7113–7118. Cardoso et al. miR-155 modulates microglia-mediated immune response by down-regulating SOCS-1 and promoting cytokine and nitric oxide production. Immunology. 2012;135(1):73-88. microRNAs play an important role not only in the differentiation and development of immune cells, but also in the regulation of immune response. Background Objective 100 ng/ml LPS, 24h Murine primary macrophages Expression level of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-12p40 mRNA Microarray analysis of miRNA expression miRNA expression with quantitative real-time PCR Technical route 1 To identify microRNAs induced by LPS in murine macrophages Results 1 LPS-induced expression of miR-210 in murine macrophages. Fasanaro et al. MicroRNA-210 modulates endothelial cell response to hypoxia and inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand Ephrin-A3. J Biol Chem. 2008; 283(23): 15878–15883. Chan et al. MicroRNA-210 controls mitochondrial metabolism during hypoxia by repressing the iron-sulfur cluster assembly proteins ISCU1/2. Cell Metab. 2009; 10(4):273–284. Biswas et al. Hypoxia inducible microRNA-210 attenuates keratinocyte proliferation and impairs closure in a murine model of ischemic wounds. PNAS. 2010; 107(15): 6976–6981. Chan et al. MicroRNA-210: a uniqu