分子生物学第三次课资料精.pdfVIP

Part II: Gene Expression and its regulation Basic Conceptions and Principle Basic Principle of Regulation of Gene Expression Transcription in Prokaryotes Regulation of transcription in Prokaryotes Transcription in Eukaryotes Regulation of transcription in Eukaryotes Basic Conceptions and Principles -- gene expression Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as rRNA genes or tRNA genes, the product is a functional RNA. -- regulation of gene expression Regulation of gene expression refers to the control of the amount and timing of appearance of the functional product of a gene. Control of expression is vital to allow a cell to produce the gene products it needs when it needs them; in turn this gives cells the flexibility to adapt to a variable environment, external signals, damage to the cell, etc. e.g. Immune Response related gene expression Bacterial metabolism related gene expression .. Specificity of Gene Expression -- Temporal specificity (stage specificity) -- Spatial specificity (cell or tissue specificity) Spatiotemporal gene expression -- is the activation of genes within specific tissues of an organism at specific times during development. Spatiotemporal gene expression (e.g. TSE 1 ) Online Tools for Analysis of Certain Genes -- NCBI () -- UCSC Genome Bioinformatics ( / ) -- BioGPS (/) -- Gene Cards (/index.shtml) -- Protein Data Bank (/pdb/home/home.do) -- Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database (/cgi-bin/TRED/tred.cgi?process=home) .. TSE1 Patterns of Gene Expression -- constitutive gene expression (house keeping gene) -actin, GAPDH, TBP, 18s rRNA, α-Tubulin -- coordinate gene expressio