英语期末考试课后习题汉译英最终版.docxVIP

1．按照查尔斯.达尔文的理论，自然选择依据四个原则。第一，繁殖是在自然环境内发生的。第二，一个物种的基因，即包含个体特征的生命基本单位，要传给后代。这些基因具有一定程度的随机可变性；也就是说，将不同的特征分散到一个物种的各个成员。第三，由于一个物种的成员具有不同的特征，一些成员在自然环境中的生存机会比其他成员多一些，把遗传特征传给下一地啊的机会也多一些。第四，世世代代以来，在自然环境中帮助生存的那些遗传特征往往会在一个物种中变成共同的特征，而不曾帮助生存的那些遗传特征往往会消失。 According to Charles Darwin, natural selection is based on four principles. First, reproduction occurs within a natural environment. Second, the genes of a species, the basic units of life that contain the individual’s traits, are passed on to offspring. These genes have a degree of random variability; that is, different characteristics are distributed among the members of a species. Third, because the members of a species possess different characteristics, some members have a better chance of surviving in the natural environment than do others—and of passing their particular genetic traits to the next generation. Fourth, over thousands of generations, those genetic traits that aid survival in the natural environment tend to become common in a species, while those that do not tend to disappear. 2、从前有一个人，他有一个梦。他梦到一片和平与和谐的土地。他梦到一个不以肤色评判人的地方。他梦到一个国家，在那里不同种族的孩子们在一起玩。他梦到一个国家，在那里所有的人都是平等的。有些人不喜欢他的梦，他们说这个梦永远不会实现。有些人则对他的梦喝彩，他们想实现这个梦。对一些人而言，这个崇高的理想已经实现，而对另一些人而言，还只是一个幻想。 这个人，马丁.路德.金博士，在1963年的一篇有名的演讲“我有一个梦”中表达了他的理想。其实这个根植于“美国梦”的理想，并不是个完全新奇的主张。从一开始，这个由移民所组成的国家，便欢迎渴望自由和追求生活新起点的人的到来。但不同种族的到来同时也造成了紧张的氛围。 Once a man had a dream. He dreamed of a land of peace and harmony. He dreamed of a place where people were not judged by their skin color. He dreamed of a country where children of different races could play together. He dreamed of a nation where all people were equal. Some people didn’t like his dream. They said it would never happen. Some people applauded his dream. They wanted to make it happen. This noble vision has come true for some. For others, it’s still just a fantasy. In 1963, this man, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., expressed his vision in the famous speech, “I Have a Dream.” But the dream —rooted in the American Dream—wasn’t re