心血管内科常用药物、常见病处置和心肺复苏.ppt

* 中国高血压防治指南 利尿剂作为降压药已有近半个世纪的历史，大量的临床实践和是试验,证实了它的有效性和安全性，因而利尿剂在降压药物中占有重要的位置。 * 根据利尿剂作用于肾小管的部位不同分为三类： 一般在用药4-8周内，降低的血容量和心输出量，使机体血管和组织内的液体逐渐恢复到正常水平。4-8周后,利尿剂的降压作用主要和周围血管阻力下降有关。 Thiazide-type diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the Sodium-chloride symporter leading to a retention of water in the urine as water normally follows penetrating solutes. Frequent urination is due to the increase loss of water that has not being retained from the body as a result of concomitant relationship with sodium loss from the convoluted tubule. 人有两个肾脏，每个肾脏大约有10