英汉对比翻译解析.docVIP

英汉对比与翻译 被动与主动 英语多用被动句，而汉语少用被动句，多采用主动的表达方式。 英语常用被动句，主要有以下几方面的原因： 1.施事的原因。 A 施事未知而难以言明。 B 施事从上下文中可以不言自明。 C 施事不如受事重要，或受事需要强调。 D 由于特殊的原因而不要指明施事，如为了使叙述显得圆通，得体，或为了表达某种微妙的情绪。 Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。 2. 句法的要求。 A 为了使句子承上启下，前后连贯，便于衔接。 Some kinds of plastics can be forced through machines which separate them into long, thin things, called “fibres”, and these fibres can be made into cloth. B 为了保持句子平衡。 I was astounded that he was prepared to give me a job 3. 修辞的考虑。 英语修辞学主张不要过分使用被动句，但适当使用被动句可以使表达方法灵活多变，避免句型单调，达到一定的修辞效果。 4. 文体的需要。 某些文体较多使用被动句，以迎合其表达的需要。 例如科技文体，新闻文体，公文文体等，以显客观，正式。 It’s traditional among technical writers to keep themselves in the background, to exclude personal pronouns and emphasize their work instead. 由于铝总是和其他元素结合在一起的，所以，在自然界找不到处于游离状态的铝。 原译: Since aluminium is always combined with other elements in nature, we can never find it. Since aluminium is always combined with other elements in nature, it is never found free. 我们将理论设想与模拟实验结果进行比较，发现该理论设想完全可以应用于电力系统。 The theoretical prediction was compared to the results from simulated tests and was found to be applicable to power system. 汉语少用被动句 汉语的被动语态有较明显的消极情态色彩，历史上曾经被称为 “不幸语态”(the Inflictive-Voice)。 汉语中实际存在两种被动句： 一是有形态标志的被动句。 形态标志主要指的是“被，受，遭”等词语，又称为结构被动句。 The aged should be respected everywhere. 老人应到处受到尊敬。 She was caught in the downpour. 她叫大雨淋着了。 The dictionaries have been affected with damp. 字典受潮了。 Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch. 面积的三分之二由广阔的松林,云杉林和白桦林所覆盖。 If this suggestion is accepted, it should not be considered as a precedent. 如果此建议被接受,以后不得引