不同质地土壤对花生根系生长分布和产量的影响.ppt

摘要Summary 4.Abiotic context modulated the responses of plant communities to herbivore declines with stronger effect sizes in lower-productivity environments. Also, shifts in plant community structure, composition and species richness following wildlife declines differed considerably between exclosure experiments and landscape sites in which wild herbivores had declined and were often replaced by livestock. Plant communities in low wildlife landscape sites were distinct in both composition and physical structure from both exclosure and control sites in experiments. The power of environmental (soil and rainfall) gradients in influencing plant response to herbivores was also greatly dampened or absent in the landscape sites. One likely explanation for these observed differences is the compensatory effect of livestock associated with the depression or extirpation of wildlife. 4.在生产力低下的环境中非生物环境针对植物群落对食草动物的响应的调节效果更强。而且植物群落结构、组成、物种丰富度随着野生动物减少的改变在围封实验与畜牧业影响野生动物减少的地区之间有很大的不同。来自野生动物量少的人为畜牧影响区域的植物群落的组成和群落结构都与围封和对照实验点不同。环境（土壤和降水）梯度的效力在畜牧环境中的植物对食草动物的响应中被明显地抑制或抵消。对于那些观测到的差异一个可能的解释是因畜牧业对野生动物的削减产生的补偿效应。 摘要Summary 5.Synthesis. Our results emphasize the importance of abiotic environmental heterogeneity in modulating the effects of mammalian herbivory on plant communities and the importance of such covariation in understanding effects of wild herbivore declines. They also suggest caution when extrapolating results from exclosure experiments to predict the consequences of defaunation as it proceeds in the Anthropocene. 5.通过综合分析，我们的结果强调了非生物环境异质性在调节食草哺乳动物对植物群落的影响的重要性和了解野生哺乳动物减少的这种协同变化的重要性。它们同时还表明应慎用围封实验推测结果来预测人为影响使动物削减带来的结果。 引言Introduction 假说： 1.土壤特征和降水会影响到野生食草动物对植物群落组成中的物种丰富度、种类、生长情况和结构(高度、盖度、冠层盖度)。 2.在试验点的大型食草动物减少对植物群落的影响强于景观点。 3.环境梯度在试验点环境与景观点环境对比野生食草动物减少对植物群落的决定性影响中有一定相互作用。预计在实验点中环境梯度作用更强。 4.因为牲畜的对原野生动物的补偿作用不完全，在试验点和景观点的野生动物减少变化量不能完全算作原总载畜量变化。 材料和方法Materials and methods 地点：肯尼亚莱基皮亚地区(Laikipia)半干旱稀树草原74个点考察。 (海拔1700–1800m, 东经36°52 北纬0°17) 时间：2011年1月至7月间 试验区域包含：1.明显的降雨和土壤特性梯度；2.非生物梯度