充填体下阶段水平矿柱回采顶板安全厚度及进路充填采矿法.doc

基金项目：国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”重点专项(2017YFC0602900)；中国博士后科学基金(2017M610773) 充填体下阶段水平矿柱回采顶板安全厚度及进路充填采矿法 黄明清1，于少峰2 （1. 福州大学 紫金矿业学院，福建 福州 350108； 2. 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083） 摘 要：为了安全回采松散矿碴及低强度充填体压覆下的阶段水平矿柱，采用古典杨森散体压力理论及矩形等厚薄板力学模型分析了留设顶板受载情况及安全厚度，并通过工程实例进行了验证。结果表明，当上中段破碎底部结构不予回采，下中段顶柱留设安全厚度时，可通过进路式充填采矿法实现水平矿柱的安全开采；其中，下中段顶柱高5 m，采高3.5 m，顶板安全厚度1.5 m，矿石回收率68%，贫化率3%，取得了较好的安全与经济效益平衡。 关键词：充填体压覆；矩形等厚薄板；顶板安全厚度；进路式回采 Roof safe thickness and drift cut-and-fill mining of horizontal stage pillar under overburden backfill materials HUANG Mingqing 1, YU Shaofeng2 (1. College of Zijin mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou Fujian 350108, China 2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China) Abstract: To realize the safe mining of horizontal stage pillar under loose ore particles and low- strength backfill materials, the roof loading and safe retentive thickness were analyzed following the classical Janssen granular pressure theory and mechanical model of rectangular uniform thickness plate, and onsite verification was carried out. The results showed that safe mining of horizontal pillar was premised on the preserve of upload fractured bottom and safe roof thickness, and the application of drift cut-and-fill mining. On this occasion, the roof of the lower stage was 5 m, where the mining thickness was 3.5 m, and the retentive roof was 1.5 m. Additionally, 68% ore recovery and 3% dilution were achieved, which was an preferable balance between safety and economy. Key words: overburden backfill materials; rectangular uniform thickness plate; safe thickness of roof; drift cut-and-fill mining 引言 随着国家对矿山开采安全与环保重视程度的加深，越来越多的地下金属矿山选择或改用充填法进行开采。出于节约投资、加快投产的目的，很多矿山采用多中段同时自下而上进行充填法开采，从而在中段间留下了数量众多的水平矿柱。据统计，国内受充填体压覆或影响的矿柱矿量占矿山总储量的20~40%。阶段水平矿柱的回采历来是采矿界的难题[1]，其结构完整性及稳定性不仅受到开采过程中应力的二次分布及开采扰动的影响，同时也与相邻中段充填体的接顶质量密切相关，因此表现出极其复杂的受力状态，加剧了开采的安全隐患。如鸡冠嘴铜矿在低强度高水充填体条件下采用两步骤进路充填间隔回采顶底柱，发现开采前底柱上覆充填体拉应力远超其极限抗拉强度，容易在开采时发生破坏[2]。铜绿山充填体下阶段水平矿柱存在表面剥落、裂隙扩展、损伤积聚、剪