实验9简谐运动Lab9SimpleHarmonicMotionSHM.pptVIP

實驗9：簡諧運動Lab. 9 : Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) 實驗目的：研究滑車在空氣軌上摩擦力很小的情況下，因彈簧的恢復力而做的簡諧運動 測量彈簧的靜態彈性係數 ks 和動態彈性係數kd SHM之週期T與運動物體質量m的關係 SHM之週期與彈性係數 k 的關係 HyperPhysics Most fundamental concepts are subtracted from the web site: /hbase/hframe.html 何謂簡諧運動？ 物理上有許多運動情形，如單擺、圓周運動等規律性的運動，可歸類為「簡諧運動」。 Simple harmonic motion - SHM Simple harmonic motion is typified by the motion of a mass on a spring when it is subject to the linear elastic restoring force given by Hookes Law. The motion is sinusoidal in time and demonstrates a single resonant frequency. Hook’s Law Harmonic Oscillating System Periodic Motion Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Various Harmonic Oscillating System Various SHM Systems Two SHM Examples SHM of Simple pendulum Circular SHM Coupled SHM Damped SHM Driven SHM Coupled Oscillators-Daniel A. Russell, Kettering University Two mass-spring oscillators are coupled together by a stretchy cord. Mode Shapes for a Hanging Chain Mode 1 * PhysicsNTHU MFTai-戴明鳳 Object: Observe the simple harmonic motion of the object applied by the restoring force of a spring and measure Both static and dynamic spring constants of the spring, ks kd Relation of the SHM period T and mass of the motional object Relation of the SHM period T and the spring constant k 圖片來源：.tw/vocation/mechanical/tp_st/top2/ch10/htm Undamped spring-mass SHM Damped spring-mass SHM Countsey: /wiki/Simple_harmonic_motion An undamped spring-mass system undergoes simple harmonic motion. 原 理 如彈簧伸展量(x)不大, 則彈簧遵守虎克定律(Hook’s law) 恢復力：Fr = -kx = -kxx (k: 彈性係數(spring constant), x ? x/x) 恢復位能： U = kx2/2 設彈簧的質量可忽略： ms ~ 0 (ms 滑車質量m) 滑車的運動方程式為二階微分方程式： 解微分方程式: x(t) = Asin[(k/m)1/2t + ?] = Asin[?t + ?] A：SHM振幅(amplitude) ?：角頻率(angular frequency) ? ? 2?f = (k/m)1/2 (unit: rad/s) T = 1/f ：週期(period) ?：相位(phase) Note:若彈簧質量不可忽略, ms ? 0 ? ? = [k/(m + ms/3)]1/2 m k(ms) An undamped spring-mass system undergoes simple harmonic motion. Web site