第四讲 新法律文献翻译.pptVIP

第四讲 法律文体翻译 Translation of Legal Documents 法律语言的文体特征 正式的规范语体 古体词、法语和拉丁语词汇大量使用。 hereby: by means or by reasons of this hereinafter: in this document and after this point hereto: to this place, document hereon, hereof, hereunder, whereof, henceforth, notwithstanding, aforesaid 拉丁语和法语 cessid: [L] 让与 majores: [L] 成年人 quasi: [L] 标准 bona fide: [L] 真诚地 subject: [F] 主体 schedule: [F] 日程 contract: [F] 合同 表达规范 “有…的义务”：shall, must, have the duty of, it is the duty of…, obligation. “严禁”：prohibit, must not, may not shall not, not allowed “有权”：have the right o…, enjoy the rights of…, be entitled to…, may “章、节、条”：chapter, section, article “款、项”：paragraph/clause, item 客观性 汉语多为无主句，英语却频繁使用被动语态，避免动作的发出者，从而使动作的客体得到强调，叙述语言较为客观。E.g.: 为了规范保险活动，保护保险活动当事人的合法利益，加强对保险业的监督管理，促进保险事业的健康发展，制定本法。 This law is enacted for the purpose of regulating insurance activities, protecting the legitimate rights and interest of the parties involved, strengthening supervision and control of the insurance industry and promoting its healthy development. 严密与模糊共存，简约与重复统一 法律语言须字斟句酌，规范准确，同时又使用涵盖面广的抽象词汇，形成严密与模糊共存的情况；为避免指示代词可能造成的误解，经常不厌其烦地重复前面出现的结构和词汇，形成简约与重复统一。 人民法院接到起诉状或者口头诉状，经审查，符合本法规定受理条件的，应当在7日内立案；不符合本法规定受理条件的，应当在7日内通知原告不予受理，并说明理由。 When a people’s court receives a bill of complaint or an oral complaint and finds upon examination that it meets the requirements for acceptance as specified in this law, it shall within seven days file a case; if the complaint does not meet the requirements of acceptance as specified in the law, the court shall within seven days notify the plaintiff that the complaint has been rejected and provide due explanation. 长句结构 长句结构就是“一句话”结构，即立法者试图将某一问题的相关信息全部安置于一个完整的句子之内，避免几个分散句子可能引起的歧义。长句结构追溯到古罗马、希腊时期，当时没有标点而导致了“一句话”结构在法律文献中的使用，甚至仅用一个长句表述某一部法规的整个内容。 “一句话”=If P1+P2, then Q case: where any Quaker refuses to pay any church rates; condition: if any churchwarden complains thereof; subject: one of the next justices of the peace; action: may summon such Quaker fact situation: wh