CHAPTER7固体废弃物处置.pptVIP

Outline of the Talk Solid wastes – general Municipal waste disposal Reducing waste volume Liquid-waste disposal Sewage treatment Septic systems The ghost of toxins past :superfund Radioactive wastes Overview Municipal waste disposal Open dumps Sanitary landfills Incineration Reducing waste volume Handling (nontoxic) organic matter （1） Swine were once extensively used for garbage disposal ,since they will consume a variety of food waste . In 1941 ,more than 2 million tons of municipal garbage were so used. （2）Organic matter can be turned to good use through composting ,a practice long familiar to gardeners and farmers . There are additional general obstacles to recycling ,some of which were mentioned earlier . Where recovery of materials from municipal refuse is desired ,source separation is generally necessary . This means that individual homeowners ,businesses ,and other trash generators must sort that trash into categories － paper ,plastic ,glass ,metal ,and so on － prior to collection . Reducing waste volume Handling (nontoxic) organic matter Recycling Other options Liquid – waste disposal Secure landfills Deep-well disposal Liquid – waste disposal Secure landfills Deep-well disposal Other strategies Sewage treatment Problems arising from organic matter in water in include oxygen depletion and “algal bloom ” .these problem ,and concern about the spread of disease through biological contamination of drinking-water supplies by disease-causing organisms ,provide the motivation for effective sewage disposal .appropriate treatment strategy varies with population density and local geology . Septic systems Municipal sewage treatment Radioactive wastes Radioactive decay Effects of radiation (1)How much damage is done by a given dose of radiation ? (2)How small a dose is harmless ? Radioactive wastes Radioactive decay Effects of radiation Nature of radioactive wastes Historical suggestions :space ,ice ,and plate tec