广东省佛山市顺德区江义初级中学八年级英语下册_module 4 unit 3 language in use课件 （新版）外研版.pptVIP

* 2 Unit 3 Language in use 1. I haven’t done much exercise ______ I got my computer last year. 2. I have had him _____ three months now. 3. Since ______, it has become part of my life. for since then Language practice 用适当的单词补全句子。 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since +点时间”或“for +段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段时间)”，而since表示“自从(……以来)”。 常见结构如下： 现在完成时--- since 和 for 的用法 for +表示一段时间的状语 一段时间+ ago since + 表示过去的某一时间点 从句 来看几个例句吧： He has lived here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。 He has lived here since 16 years ago. 他从十六年前起就住在这里了。 He has lived here since 1991. 他从1991年起就住在这里了。 He has lived here since he was born. 他从出生起就住在这里。 在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long. How long have you played basketball? How long have you been collecting shells? --- How long has Mary been a teacher? --- Since two years ago. 介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since 作为介词，接一个时间名词，作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)，since 表示“自…以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是持续性的。 英语中有些动词的意义不能持续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非持续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach, fall, get up 等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或 since 短语连用。如： 正: He has come back. 他已回来。 误: He has come back for three days. 若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为： He has been back for three days. (改变谓语动词) He has been back since three days ago. (改变谓语动词) He came back three days ago. (改变时间状语及动词时态) It’s three days since he came back. (改变句型) come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如： Kitty has left Beijing for two days. Kitty left Beijing two days ago. Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days. Kitty has bought her purse since last year. Kitty bought her purse a year ago. Kitty has had her purse for a year. √ √ √ √ 在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的