毕业设计（论文）《混凝剂的化学除磷》.doc

PAGE II PAGE 2 南京化工职业技术学院 毕 业 设 计 （论文） 题目 混凝剂的化学除磷 所在系部 应用化学系 专业班级 环境 0921 指导教师 2011 年 9 月 摘 要 近年来，由于人类对环境资源大规模的开发利用，使大量含氮、磷营养物质的生活污水、工业废水排入水体中，造成水体富营养化现象日趋严重，饮用水水源日益受到威胁，而磷污染是水体富营养化的关键因素［1、2］。因此，污水城镇排放标准(GB8979-1996)对磷的排放标准做了严格的规定，一级标准为0.5mg/L［3］。目前采用的除磷方法主要有生物和化学除磷法。然而，废水中总磷通过生物法处理往往不能达到排放标准，所以有必要研究废水的化学法除磷。化学法除磷关键在于药剂的选择和沉淀条件的控制，本文主要对亚铁盐和钙盐的化学处理法进行讨论，对一些基本的实验条件进行控制论述。而在日常的除磷工艺中，都是将化学法除磷要和生物法除磷综合起来进行考虑。 关键词：磷污染，除磷的机制，反应影响因素 Abstract The water body eutrophication phenomenon day by day was in recent years serious, the tap water water source was threaten day by day, but the phosphorus pollution was the water body eutrophication key aspect［1、2］. Therefore, the sewage cities emissions standard (GB8979-1996) pair of phosphorus emissions standard has made the strict stipulation, the level standard is 0.5mg/L［3］. At present uses eliminates the phosphorus method mainly to have the biology and chemistry eliminates the phosphorus law.However, in the waste water the total phosphorus often cannot achieve the emissions standard through biological law processing, therefore has the essential research waste water chemical process to eliminate the phosphorus.The chemical process eliminates the phosphorus key to lie in the medicament the choice and the precipitation condition control, this article mainly carries on the discussion to the ferrous salt and the calcium salt chemistry processing law, carries on the control elaboration to some basic conditions.But in daily except phosphorus craft in, all is eliminates the chemical process the phosphorus to have to eliminate with the biological law the phosphorus to synthesize carries on the consideration. Key words: Phosphorus pollution, phosphorus removal mechanism, factors affecting the reaction 目 录 TOC \o 1-4 \h \z \u 第一章 前 言 1 1.1 水体中磷的来源及其污染特征 1