操作系统讲义.ppt

1: Introduction 引论 What is an operating system? Simple Batch Systems 简单批处理系统 Multiprogramming Batched Systems 多道程序批处理系统 Time-Sharing Systems分时系统 Personal-Computer Systems 个人计算机系统 Parallel Systems并行系统 Real -Time Systems实时系统 Distributed Systems分布式系统 What is an Operating System? A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. 在计算机用户和计算机硬件之间起媒介作用的一种程序。 Operating system goals: 操作系统目标 Make the computer system convenient to use. 使计算机系统更易使用。 Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. 以一种效率的方式使用硬件。 操作系统举例 MS OS: MS DOS, MS Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 2000,Windows XP UNIX: BSD, SRV4, OSF1, SCO UNIX, AIX, Solaris, Linux Computer System Components Hardware 硬件 – provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices). 提供基本的运算资源 Operating system 操作系统 – controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users. 在各种应用程序和用户之间控制与协调对硬件的使用 Applications programs 应用程序– define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business programs).定义解决用户问题的资源使用方式（编译器、数据库、视频游戏、事务程序等） Users (people, machines, other computers) 用户（人、机、其他计算机）. Abstract View of System Components 系统部件的抽象视图 Operating System Definitions 操作系统定义 Resource allocator 资源分配者 – manages and allocates resources.管理和分配资源 Control program 控制程序– controls the execution of user programs and operations of I/O devices .控制用户程序的运行和I/O设备的操作 Kernel 内核– the one program running at all times (all else being application programs). 常驻内存运行的一个程序（所有其它的是应用程序） 定义：操作系统是一种管理计算机系统资源、控制系统工作流程，方便用户使用计算机的系统软件 A short historical review of operating system Operating systems have developed over the past 40 years. Operating systems and computer architecture have had a great deal of influence on each other. 操作系统的史前文明--手工操作 工作方式 用户：用户既是程序员，又是操作员；用户是计算机专业人员； 编程语言：为机器语言； 输入输