电气自动化专业毕业论文--基于PLC的电梯控制系统软件设计.doc

电气自动化专业毕业论文--基于PLC的电梯控制系统软件设计 摘 要 随着现代经济和城市生活的发展电梯成为人们日常生活必不可少的代步工具电梯性能的好坏对人们生活的影响越来越显著传统继电器电梯控制系统由于继电器本身的机械和电磁惯性大大大降低了电梯系统的可靠性和安全性为了保证电梯运行既高效节能又安全可靠必须改进电梯控制方式根据顺序逻辑控制的需要发展起来的可编程控制器 PLC 它是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置PLC处理速度快可靠性高能够保证电梯正常安全可靠地运行同时由于电机交流变频调速技术的发展电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了变频调速不仅能满足乘客的舒适感和保证平稳的精度还可以降低能耗节约能源减小运行费用本文将基于PLC的变频调速方法应用到电梯系统中并对此方法进行研究 首先分别阐述了电梯继电器控制和PLC控制的特点突出讲述继电器电梯控制系统暴露的缺点以及PLC电梯控制系统所具有的优点并对电梯的变频调速控制进行了介绍其次在阅读了大量国内外相关文件资料的基础上对电梯技术和电梯设备的发展进行了综述然后介绍了变频器类型以及参数设计的相关知识同时介绍了PLC选型原则以及PLC控制系统的设计思路在此基础上根据电梯系统自身的工作状态要求进行电梯系统的PLC软件开发通过软件开发的特点结合PLC自身的控制规律设计出可实现一定功能的PLC电梯控制系统最后的模拟调试结果表明基于PLC的变频调速电梯系统运行效率高系统安全可靠性强并且系统构造简单易于实现满足了对电梯系统期望的要求 关键词电梯可编程控制器变频调速旋转编码器 Abstract Along with the development of modern economy and city life the elevator has become a essential walking tool for people in daily life and the performance of elevators obviously influences peoples lives The traditional elevator system based on relay largely decreases the reliability and security since the mechanical and electromagnetic inertia of relay is big In order to ensure the efficiency and reliable securities the control method of elevator must be changed The programmable logic controller PLC which develops based on sequence logical control is digital operation electronic device specialized in the industrial application environment PLC possesses fast process speed and high reliability Therefore PLC can be able to ensure the elevator run normally securely and reliably In addition The drive method of elevators has replaced the DC velocity modulation with frequency control due to the development of AC frequency control of motors The frequency control not only satisfies the comfort sense of passengers and ensures the stable precision but also decreases the loss of power saves resources and reduces expenses The frequency control method based on PLC is applied to the elevator system and further researched Firstly the essay respectively presents the characteristics of the el