生物分离工程讲义.pptVIP

Chapter1 An Overview of Bioseparations（第一章 生物分离工程概述） 一、The position of Bioseparation in Biotechnology （生物分离在生物技术中所占位置） By the purpose of biotechnology, we mean the use of carefully cultured microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells to produce products useful to humans. （生物技术的目标就是指利用培养微生物、动物细胞、植物细胞来生产对人有用的产品。） By this definition, biotechnology is as old as history, for the earliest known document (4228BC) includes a description of brewing .Bread ; cheese, and yogurt are other early examples of product which depend on biotechnology. （按上述定义，早在公元前4228年就有了应用生物技术酿酒、制奶酪等的记载。） Today, we restrict biotechnology largely to those areas where chemicals are produced as molecular. Under this more restricted definition, biotechnology is about 100 year old. （狭义生物技术的产物仅为化学产品，约有100年的历史。） Effective ways to get useful products （获得产品的有效途径） Raw materials 原材料 Pretreatments 预处理 bioreactions 生物反应 bioseparations 生物分离 products 产物 二、 Characteristic of Bioseparations （生物分离的特点） A. Chief characteristic of biotechnology is the tremendous variety of products which are produced. 生物工程的主要特点是生物制品多种多样 Table1 types of molecules manufactured by fermentation If we made a more current list, we would add genetically engineered insulin, human and bovine growth hormones and interferons. This list gets longer daily. （还可以增加胰岛素、生长激素、干扰素等基因工程产品） This diversity of products spawns the broad spectrum of separation methods used.（产品的多样性导致分离方法的多样性） B.most bioseparation methods come from separations of chemicals绝大多数生物分离方法来源于化学品的分离方法 Comparison of separation processes used in bioseparations with more exhaustive classifications give the result in table 2. 生物分离与一般化学分离方法的比较 Table 2 This table shows that 80% of all the separation methods for conventional chemicals are practical in biotechnology.上表表明大约80%的化工分离方法可应用于生物分离技术中 C. Bioseparations are more difficult than chemical separations. 生物分离一般比化工分离难度大 Complex comp