商务知识导读课件董晓波 ISBN9787566309365 PPTUnit 15 Commerce and Commercial Law.pptVIP

Unit 15 Commerce and Commercial Law Text Words Expressions Notes Exercises Supplementary Reading Additional information Text: Words Expressions: Notes: Exercises: Supplementary Reading: Additional information: Thank you! Personal property， or personalty， on the other hand， is something that is both tangible and mobile. Some areas of personal property law are similar to the law of real property， other differ dramatically. The most significant difference is in the basic body of law that governs the sale of property. Ownership， or title， of most personality is evidenced by possession. When a piece of personal property is not owned by others， one can obtain title to a merely by taking possession. Property is generally deemed to have been abandoned if it is found in such a condition that it is apparent that the true owner has no intention of returning to claim the item. Two other types of personal property in this connection are lost and mislaid property. Property is generally deemed to have been lost if it is found in a place where the true owner likely did not intend to leave it， and where it is not likely to be found by the true owner. Property is generally deemed to have been mislaid or misplaced， if it is found in a place where the true owner likely did intend to leave it ， but then simple forgot to pick it up again. Intellectual property is intangible and is often created and defined by law. Patents， trade secrets， copyrights and trademarks all fall in this category. 财产 财产是指拥有的金钱、物资、房屋、土地等物质财富：国家财产、私人财产，具有金钱价值、并受到法律保护的权利的总称。大体上，财产有三种，即动产、不动产和知识财产(即知识产权)。 特点 (一)财产所有人依法对自己的财产享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利; (二)任何人不经财产所有人的许可不得使用该财产，否则就是非法侵犯权利; (三)财产所有人可以是自然人，也可以是诸如公司这样的法人。 类型 财产可分为：有形财产（又称“有体物”），如金钱，物资；无形财产（又称“无体物”），如债权，知识产权，虚拟财产权等。也可以为：积极财产，如金钱，物资及各种财产权利；消极财产，如债务。 随着经济、科技的发展和观念的变化，人们对财产的认识不断深化，财产的范围也随之拓宽。德姆塞茨认为，产权是一种社会工具，其重要性在于事实上它们能帮助一个人形成他与其他人进行交易时的合理预期（《关于产权的理论》）。所以产权是一种人与人之间的关系，而非人与物之间的关系。 产权的概念同所有权不同，所有权是产权的众多属性中的一个，比如对于空气来说，一个人可能不拥有空气的所有权，但是一个人可以拥有向空气中排放一定量的污染物的权利