商务英语综合教程课件杜凤秋 ISBN9787810788113 PPT international tradechap.23 changes in the patterns of international trace.pptVIP

Changes in the Patterns of International Trade Main Contents 1. Global Trends 2. Commodity Patterns 3. The Trade Network 4. Why Trade Patterns are Changing Global Trends physical volume in value terms Commodity Patterns in terms of value agricultural products minerals other than fuels manufactures Agricultural Products dropped sharply from 29% in 1960’s to less than 10% nowadays agricultural exports consist of food products agricultural raw materials food products accounting for 75%, mainly cereals, meat, fish, coffee, sugar fresh fruits the principal agricultural raw materials: oil seeds, pulp, rubber, hides and furs, cotton, wool. Manufactures have long been the largest component of world trade, more than 60%, more through increases in volume than in prices. machinery transportation equipment: account for half the trade customer goods: account for 20% the rest: nonferrous metals, iron steel, chemicals other semi-manufactures The Trade Network large bulk of exports imports in industrialized countries. the industrial areas account for 62% of exports, 66% of imports principal change in geographical pattern since 1973 the increased importance of traditional oil-exporting developing countries, account for two thirds of fuel exports The Trade Network the European Union is the largest trading area, accounting for more than one third of exports, more than half of this trade is intra-community trade. U.S. exports: is only 10% of GNP Japan’s exports: about 11% of GNP Why Trade Patterns are Changing 1. Engels’ law 2. price trends 3. technological developments 4. expansion of multinational enterprises Engels’ law As personal incomes rise, consumer expenditures for food grow at a lesser rate. As incomes rise consumers will spend increasing shares of their income on luxury goods-generally manufactures-and decreasing shares on necessities including food. Technological Developments Technology has affected world tra