第14讲制度变迁中的国家.pptVIP

* * 国家的经济学理论 国家作为合约的第三方执行者（巴泽尔） A Theory of the State----- Economic Rights, Legal Rights, and the Scope of the State，2002. 探察的问题：国家（the State）最早是怎样出现的，以及哪些力量在历史上影响了国家的形成 基本概念 国家(The State): a set of individuals who are subject to a single ultimate third party who uses violence for enforcement 经济权利(Economic Rights)：the ability to enjoy the services of assets 法律权利(Legal Rights): the claims over assets delineated by the state as the property of particular individuals or institutions 权力(Power)：the ability to impose costs 暴力(Violence)：impersonal means of imposing costs（i.e., by individuals who do n