乌拉圭贸易政策审议秘书处报告摘要.doc

SUMMARY 摘要 1. During the period under review, Uruguay implemented policies geared towards ensuring macroeconomic stability. Between 2011 and 2017, the country experienced economic growth in keeping with its potential growth, with an average annual increase in real GDP of about 3%. From 2011 to 2014, GDP growth was backed by strong domestic demand as well as a benign external environment, characterized by high international prices for agricultural raw materials. In 2015 and 2016 GDP growth was weak owing to the fall in domestic demand which, in its turn, was partly due to the erosion of the populations purchasing power as a result of the depreciation of the Uruguayan peso. Net exports compensated only partly for the decline in domestic demand. In 2017, GDP growth began to recover, largely thanks to the increase in exports of both goods (soya, meat, rice) and services (tourism). 审议期内，乌拉圭实施各项政策以确保宏观经济的稳定。在2011-2017年之间，乌拉圭的经济增长率与其潜在增长率保持一致，实际GDP年均增长率约3%。2011年至2014年间，强劲的国内需求、良好的外部环境等多种因素共同对GDP增长率起到了支撑作用，外部环境的特点是农业原材料的国际价格上涨。2015年和2016年，由于国内需求下降，导致GDP增长乏力；反过来，国内经济增长乏力的原因，可部分归结于乌拉圭比索贬值导致人口购买力受到削弱。净出口额仅能抵消部分国内需求的下跌。2017年，GDP增长率开始恢复，这主要得益于商品（大豆、肉类、大米）和服务（旅游业）两方面出口额的增长。 2. Uruguays per capita GDP is one of the highest in Latin America: in 2017 it had reached close to US$17,000, with a relatively equitable distribution of income. The poverty rate has fallen in recent years, from 18.5% in 2010 to 9.4% in 2016. However, though the economy grew during the review period, the unemployment rate increased, from 6.3% in 2011 to 8.1% during the third quarter of 2017. This was partly due to an increase in the activity rate, as well as to the fact that the most dynamic sectors of the economy over the past few years have been the least labour-intensive sectors. 乌拉圭是拉丁美洲中人均GDP最高的国家之一：2017年，该数值已接近17,000美元，国内收入的分配水平相对公平。近年来，贫困率保持逐步下降，从2010年的18.5%降低至2016年的9.4%。不过，尽管审议期内经济保持增长，但失业率却从2011年的6.3%攀升至2017年第三季度的8.1%。这可部分归因于经济活力的提升，以及以下事实：过去数年国内最活跃的行业一直是劳动力密集程度最低的部门。 3. During most of the review p