chap7 需求分析用例图.ppt

Chapter 1 Players in the Systems Game Chapter 7MODELING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS WITH USE CASES使用用例建模系统需求 An Introduction to Use-Case Modeling 简介 One of the primary challenges in a system design process is the ability to elicit(提取) the correct and necessary system requirements from the stakeholders and specify them in a manner understandable to them so those requirements can be verified and validated. 系统开发过程的首要问题是正确地提取用户需求，并以用户能够理解的方式进行表达，以便他们他们能够核实并确认 An Introduction to Use-Case Modeling 简介 传统的建方法： Data and process models Prototypes requirement specifications 问题：设计者理解而用户不理解 Leads to scope creep（范围蔓延）, schedule creep （进度蔓延）, cost overruns（成本超支）. User-Centered Development and Use-Case Modeling 以用户为中心的系统开发 与用例建模 User-Centered Development User-centered development – a process of systems development based on understanding the needs of the stakeholders and the reasons why the system should be developed. 系统开发建立应在理解用户需求之上 Use-Case Modeling 用例建模 Use-case modeling – the process of modeling a system’s functions in terms of 针对系统功能进行建模： business events：有哪些业务事件？ who initiated the events：谁发起了这些事件？ and how the system responds to those events：系统将如何响应这些事件？ Sample Use-Case Model Diagram Benefits of Use-Case Modeling Provides a tool for capturing functional requirements(获取功能需求). Provides a means of communicating with users and other stakeholders concerning system functionality in a language that is easily understood.（便于沟通） Provides a tool for requirements traceability(需求跟踪). Provides a framework for driving the system development project. （提供一个驱动系统开发项目的框架） System Concepts for Use-Case Modeling Use-case diagram – describes who will use the system and in what ways the user expects to interact with the system. 用例图——描述系统与外部系统或用户之间的交互图 Use-case narrative – a textual description of the business event and how the user will interact with the system to accomplish the task. 用例说明——针对用例执行过程的文本说明 Use case –a behaviorally related sequence of steps (a scenario), both automated and manual