理论课10干细胞生物学.ppt

干细胞用于视网膜疾病 2004年9月，美国马萨诸塞州高级细胞技术公司宣布首次体外通过ESCs培育出视网膜细胞 干细胞治疗视网膜变性疾病已取得重大进展 * 干细胞用于角膜疾病 * 干细胞用于角膜疾病 * 角膜缘干细胞（LSC）的发现，是近几十年来眼科学最重要的进展之一 在世界范围内，由于发炎、遗传疾病或者烧伤所导致的LSC缺失，是一个主要的失明原因，移植健康组织往往是病患们唯一的治疗选项，可是如果LSC不够多，移植就会失败。 2014年7月出版的英国《自然》杂志上，美国科学家发表的最新研究指明了一种生物标记物，其能够用来分离进而修复受损眼睛的干细胞，这些干细胞位于角膜和眼白交界处的角膜缘上。与此同时，另一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的论文，描述了一种培养角膜缘干细胞的方法。这些研究结果都将有助于改善角膜疾病的治疗 Ophthalmology 2000;107:1765–1768 带异体角膜缘的 穿透角膜移植 自体角膜缘干细胞培养后移植+角膜移植 培养的自体口腔黏膜细胞片+角膜移植 * * A life story… Human development starts with just 1 cell – the fertilized egg. This cell divides to produce 2 ‘daughter cells’. These daughters divide, and their daughters divide again, and so on. There are a great many steps needed to form an adult body, or even a baby. Along the way, lots of different types of cells must be made. * * Slide 5: How can stem cells help with diseases? Now that everyone has the properties of stem cells in their minds, ask the class to suggest how stem cells might be useful. Students are often able to suggest using them to make cells to cure diseases, but are likely to need help to get the other points on the slide. You could give the class verbal clues and prompts, or print out the three images on the right of the slide (the microscope, pills and generic specialised cell) on A4 sheets and hold them up to prompt ideas if needed. You could then stick the images on the board as part of a diagram you build up in the class discussion. This can stay on the board as a reminder throughout the lesson. Once you have led the class to the three points on the right-hand side of the slide, point out that you want students to remember this slide because we’ll be coming back to these different uses of stem cell research throughout the lesson. * What is a stem cell? Note: The next slide provides an alternative version of this diagram that some younger audiences may find easier to understand. It aims to avoid the misconception that a stem cell always makes one copy of itself and one specialized cell when it d