《统计与数据分析》.PDFVIP

《《统计与数据分析统计与数据分析》》 Statistics Data AnalysisStatistics Data Analysis §4 描述性统计学 Zhu HuaiqiuZhu Huaiqiu @Peking University@Peking University A picture says more than a thousand words! §4.1 描述性统计学概述 描述性统计学 （或统计描述）（Descriptive statistics, or Statistical description）：研究如何取得反映客观现象的 数据，从科学研究的原始数据出发，采用收集、整理、概括、 描述等方法，通过图表形式对所收集的数据进行加工处理和显 示，进而通过综合概括与分析给出总体或样本数据的概括性的、 描述性的基本信息。 ——Clear and understandable way ——统计学最基本的分支：解释性的一般统计方法； 有别于推断性统计学（或统计推断）（ Inferential statistics or Statistical inference） ——广泛运用于生物医学、工程学、自然科学、社会科学等具 体领域 What does the Descriptive Statistics do? How to present your arguments or viewpoints? Open-air preaching in James Street, Covent Garden, London. The preacher is using an unusual style, he has his main points written on laminated plastic cards and is sticking them on a board. What does the Descriptive Statistics do? ——Describe and summarize the basic features of the data gathered from an experimental study in various ways; ——Form the basis of quantitative analysis of data together with simple graphics analysis; ——Provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures; ——Proceed to inferential statistics if there are enough data to draw a conclusion It is necessary to be familiar with primary methods of describing data in order to understand phenomena and make intelligent decisions. What does the Descri