ER-Associated Protein Degradation Pathways英文学习资料 .PDFVIP

SnapShot: ER-Associated Protein Degradation Pathways Shinichi Kawaguchi and Davis T.W. Ng Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 1230 Cell 129, June 15, 2007 ©2007 Elsevier Inc. DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.005 See online version for legend and references. SnapShot: ER-Associated Protein Degradation Pathways Shinichi Kawaguchi and Davis T.W. Ng Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604 Arrows specify the routes of individual pathways. All pathways culminate in substrate degradation by the 26S proteasome. (Left) ERAD Pathways in Budding Yeast (A) Newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins enter the ER through the Sec61 protein-conducting channel complex unfolded. Hsp70-related molecular chaperones (Kar2p) bind to nascent polypeptides in the ER lumen and to the cytosolic domains of membrane proteins (Hsp70, B). These factors assist in substrate folding and also assist in their disposal if they fail to fold. Mannose residues on misfolded glycoproteins are trimmed by the ER mannosidase Mns1p (E). Mannose trimming facilitates the recognition of misfolded glycoproteins by luminally oriented lectin factors Htm1p and Yos9p. (C, D, and F) At least two ER membrane-localized E3 ubiquitin ligases organize protein complexes that receive and process misfolded proteins. These complexes define three pathways that recognize lesions in the cytosolic (ERAD-C), transmembrane (ERAD-M), and luminal (ERAD-L) domains of substrates. Both ERAD-M and ERAD-L use the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase but the luminal factor Yos9p is dispensable for ERAD-M. A Hrd1 complex lacking Yos9p has been observed suggesting dedicated complexes for all three pathways. As ubiquitina- tion and degradation occurs in the cytosol, luminal substrates must be retrotranslocated. The identity of the conduit remains unresolved in the ubiquit