天线-亚洲大学.ppt

* * Chapter 6. Antennas 第六章 衛星天線 亞洲大學 資訊工程學系碩士班 呂克明教授 二○○六年十月三十日 Chapter 6. Antennas(第六章衛星天線) Introduction (緒言) Reciprocity Theorem for Antennas (天線的相互依靠定理) Coordinate System (座標系統) The Radiated Fields (輻射場) Power Flux Density (電力流動密度) The Isotropic Radiator and Antenna Gain (等方性輻射器與天線増益) Radiation Pattern (輻射圖形) Aperture Antennas (孔徑天線) Horn Antennas (角狀天線) The Parabolic Reflector (拋物面反射器) The Offset Feed (偏中心饋源) Double-Reflector Antennas (雙反射器天線) Homework problems (習題) Introduction (緒言) Antennas (天線) can be classified according to function as transmitting antenna (發射天線) and as receiving antennas (接收天線) . Reciprocity theorem (天線的相互依靠定理) : Many of the properties of an antenna, such as its directional characteristics (天線方向的特性) , apply equally to both transmitting and receiving modes of operation. Two (2) types of antennas in satellite communication: earth antennas (地面天線) and satellite antennas (衛星天線) . A feeder (天線饋源) connects the power amplifier to the antenna, and the net power reach the antenna will be total power minus the losses in the feeder (天線饋源的損耗) . These losses include ohmic losses and mismatch losses (天線內部電阻的損耗與阻抗不匹配的損耗) . Reciprocity Theorem for Antenna(天線的相互依靠定理) Reciprocity Theorem (天線的相互依靠定理) : if a current I is induced in an antenna B (天線B的感應電流) , operated in the received mode, by an EMF (電磁場) applied at the terminals of antenna A operated in the transmit mode, then the same EMF applied to the terminals of B will induce (感應) the same current at the terminals of A (天線A會有同一電磁場感應下的等值電流) . This applies to the same directional pattern and antenna impedance. (同一電磁場方向圖形與天線匹配阻抗) What is the antenna impedance? There are two (2) typical impedance: 50 Ω and 75 Ω. Coordinate System(座標系統) The coordinate system (座標系統) in common use is the spherical coordinate system (球體座標系統). The antenna is imagined to be at the origin of the coordinates, and a distant point P in space is related to the origin by the coordinates: r is the radius vector, the magnitud