CHAPTER 4 CIRCULATION血 液 循 环第三节 血管生理.pptx

CHAPTER 4 CIRCULATION血 液 循 环; Section3 Physiology of Blood Vessels 第三节 血管生理;artery 动脉;一. Functional properties of different  blood vessels  不同血管的功能特征  1. Artery: 动脉 A. Aorta and large artery (windkessel vessel ) 主动脉和大动脉，又称弹性贮器血管; feature（ 特点）: pressure reservoir 压力储存器 maintain the continual blood fluid in the artery system.维持动脉系统内连续的血流 ; B. Middle artery: distribution vessel中动脉 ：又称分配血管。 feature（ 特点）:  transport blood to every organs of the whole body  运送血液到全身各个器官;Small artery and arteriole are the main position of organism to regulate the organ blood flow and the redistribution of blood among apparatus. The diameter of resistance vessels are regulated by neurohormonal factors. 小动脉和微动脉是机体调节器官血流量和器官之间血液重新分配的主要部位，其血管的口径受神经体液因素的调节 。;2. Capillary vessels: exchange vessels 毛细血管：交换血管 Blood flow from arteriole to venules by passing capillary to carry out the exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid. 血流通过毛细血管从小动脉到小静脉，完成 血液和组织液的物质交换。 ;Precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌 Function: Control of inflow of capillaries 作用：控制毛细血管的流入量。 A-V shunt (anastomosis) 动静脉短路（吻合） Function：Blood flows directly from arteriole to veinule through A-V shunt . 作用：血液通过动静脉吻合由微动脉直接到达 微静脉。 ;3. Venous Vessels ( capacitance vessel) 静脉血管（容量血管） Large vein， vena cava， venule， veinule 大静脉 腔静脉 小静脉 微静脉(毛细血管后阻力血管） Blood reservoir 血液储存库（60％~70％） More compliance 顺应性大 Low mean venous pressure 平均静脉压低 (2mmHg） Venous valve 有静脉瓣 ;二、The endocrine function of vascular endothelial cells血管内皮细胞的内分泌功能; NO→扩散至VSMC→激活胞内的GC→cGMP↑→ 激活protein kinase→胞内钙离子外流→血管舒张 Estrogen can promote the activity of eNOS in vascular endothelial cells, catalytic