图象处理应用08m课件.ppt

Hough Transformation (Line) yi =axi + b b = - axi + yi ab-plane or parameter space xy-plane all points (xi ,yi) contained on the same line must have lines in parameter space that intersect at (a’,b’) Accumulator cells (amax, amin) and (bmax, bmin) are the expected ranges of slope and intercept values. all are initialized to zero if a choice of ap results in solution bq then we let A(p,q) = A(p,q)+1 at the end of the procedure, value Q in A(i,j) corresponds to Q points in the xy-plane lying on the line y = aix+bj b = - axi + yi ??-plane problem of using equation y = ax + b is that value of a is infinite for a vertical line. To avoid the problem, use equation x cos ?+ y sin ? = ? to represent a line instead. vertical line has ? = 90? with ? equals to the positive y-intercept or ? = -90? with ? equals to the negative y-intercept x cos ?+ y sin ?= ? ??-plane = ?90? measured with respect to x-axis where D is the distance between corners in the image Generalized Hough Transformation can be used for any function of the form g(v,c) = 0 v is a vector of coordinates c is a vector of coefficients Hough Transformation (Circle) equation: (x-c1)2 + (y-c2)2 = c32 three parameters (c1, c2, c3) cube like cells accumulators of the form A(i, j, k) increment c1 and c2 , solve of c3 that satisfies the equation update the accumulator corresponding to the cell associated with triplet (c1, c2, c3) Edge-linking based on Hough Transformation Compute the gradient of an image and threshold it to obtain a binary image. Specify subdivisions in the ??-plane. Examine the counts of the accumulator cells for high pixel concentrations. Examine the relationship (principally for continuity) between pixels in a chosen cell. Thresholding image with dark background and a light object image with dark background and two light objects Basic Global Thresholding generate binary image use T midway between the max and min gray levels Basic Global Thresholding based on visual inspection of histogram Se