挑战杯学生作品-广州大学化学学院.DOCVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 广东省大学生创新实验项目 总结报告 项 目 编号： 1107812001 项 目 名 称： 氧化法制备高铁酸钾及其对污泥减量的研究 项目负责人： 刘婷灵 负责人年级及专业 10化贸 联系电话：指导教师姓名： 尚小琴 项目所在学校及学院： 广州大学化学化工学院 项目起止时间： 起于：20 12 年 6 月 止于：20 13 年 5 月 高铁酸钾的制备和对污泥减量的研究 钟建明，刘婷灵，何柳红，邓炳财，余玉环 （广州大学化学化工学院） 摘要 以次氯酸钙、氢氧化钾和硝酸铁为原料，通过氧化制备高铁酸钾，系统考察了合成过程中反应时间、反应温度、次氯酸钙用量和重结晶温度等对产率的影响，并对高铁酸钾进行表征，考察了高铁酸钾在污泥处理中的应用情况。结果表明：反应温度为25 ℃，次氯酸钙的用量为理论值的1.2倍,反应40 min，后加入11 mol/L的氢氧化钾，在0 ℃下重结晶，可制得产率72%以上的高铁酸钾产品。采用了红外光谱(FT-IR) 对产物的结构进行了表征与分析，证明了该合成产品为高铁酸钾。 关键词 次氯酸钙；高铁酸钾，污泥处理剂；结构表征 ABSTRACT Potassium ferrate was one kind of clean, new, effective water treatment chemicals with functions of collecting oxidation, disinfection, sterilization and flocculation. Its terminal product was non-toxic and harmless, making up for the traditional insufficient water treatment chemicals. However, the preparation conditions was quite harsh with not ideal product purity and production rate, being unstable under water or moist environment. Calcium hypochlorite, potassium hydroxide and ferric nitrate were used as the raw materials for preparation of the high purity potassium ferrate. Influence of reaction conditions such as reaction time, reaction temperature, the amount of calcium hypochlorite and recrystallization temperature on yield were investigated.The data indicated that 25℃ was the best temperature to get effective potassium ferrate;the calcium hypochlorite dosage was 1.2 times to the theoretical value after reacting for 40minutes .Added potassium hydroxide with the concentration of 11mol per litre before recrystallization in the temperature of 0℃ to get the potassium ferrate with the yield more than 72%. The product was characterized by infrared spectrum(IR), and proved to be potassium ferrate that was prepared by calcium hypochlorite as the raw materials. KEY WORDS calcium hypochlorite；potassium ferrate，sludge treatment agent；characterization 目录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 1.前 言 5 1.1 高铁酸钾的性质 5 1.2 高铁酸钾的合成研究进展 6 1.2.1 次氯酸盐氧化法 6 1.2.2 电解法