【素材】Unit 1 文档Cholera（人教）.docVIP

Cholera \o Scanning Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope image of Vibrio cholerae \o ICD ICD- \o List of ICD-10 codes 10 \o ICD-10 Chapter A A \o /classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/?gA00.htm+A00 00., \o ICD ICD- \o List of ICD-9 codes 9 \o /getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=001 001 \o Diseases Database DiseasesDB \o /ddb29089.htm 29089 \o MedlinePlus MedlinePlus \o /medlineplus/ency/article/000303.htm 000303 \o EMedicine eMedicine \o /med/topic351.htm med/351? \o Medical Subject Headings MeSH \o /cgi/mesh/2009/MB_cgi?field=uidterm=D002771 D002771 Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious \o Gastroenteritis gastroenteritis caused by \o Enterotoxin enterotoxin-producing strains of the \o Bacterium bacterium \o Vibrio cholerae Vibrio cholerae. \o [1] \o [2] Transmission to humans occurs through eating food or drinking water contaminated with cholera vibrios from other cholera patients. The major reservoir for cholera was long assumed to be humans themselves, but considerable evidence exists that aquatic environments can serve as reservoirs of the bacteria. Vibrio cholerae is a \o Gram-negative Gram-negative bacterium that produces \o Cholera toxin cholera toxin, an \o Enterotoxin enterotoxin, whose action on the \o Mucosa mucosal \o Epithelium epithelium lining of the \o Small intestine small intestine is responsible for the diseases infamous characteristic, exhaustive \o Diarrhea diarrhea. \o [1] In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known, and a healthy persons \o Blood pressure blood pressure may drop to \o Hypotension hypotensive levels within an hour of the onset of symptoms; infected patients may die within three hours if medical treatment is not provided. \o [1] In a common scenario, the disease progresses from the first \o Liquid liquid \o Human feces stool to \o Shock (circulatory) shock in 4 to