公路线形设计外文文献翻译英文参考.docVIP

　　外文文献翻译 　　（含英文原文及中文译文） 　　文献出处Y Hassan. Geometric Design of Highways[J] Advances inTransportation Studies, 2016, 6（1）：31-41. 　　英文原文 　　Geometric Design of Highways 　　Y Hassan 　　A. Alignment Design 　　The alignment of a road is shown on the plane view and is a series ofstraight lines called tangents connected by circular curves. In modernpractice it is common to interpose transition or spiral curves betweentangents and circular curves. 　　The line shape should be continuous, sudden changes from flat line tosmall radius curve or sudden change of long line end connected to smallradius curve should be avoided, otherwise a traffic accident may occur. 　　Similarly, arcs with different radii end-to-end （complex curves） or shortstraight lines between two arcs with different radii are bad lines unless aneasing curve is inserted between arcs. The long, smooth curve is always agood line because it is beautifully lined and will not be abandoned in thefuture. However, it is not ideal that the two-way road line shape iscomposed entirely of curves, because some drivers always hesitate to passthrough curved road segments. The long and slow curve is used in the smaller corners. If you use a short curve, you will see kinks. In addition,the design of the flat and vertical sections of the line should be consideredcomprehensively and should not be only one. No matter which, forexample, when the starting point of the flat curve is near the vertex of thevertical curve, serious traffic accidents will occur. 　　Vehicles driving on curved sections are subjected to centrifugal force, andthey need a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction due tothe height and lateral friction to offset it. From the viewpoint of highwaydesign, the high or horizontal friction cannot exceed a certain value. Themaximum, these control values for a certain design speed may limit thecurvature of the curve. In general, the curvature of a circular curve isrepresented by its radius. For the linear design, the