水平衡模型及其在水价政策的应用.PDFVIP

中国环境科学 2012,32(9) ：1722~1728 China Environmental Science 水平衡模型及其在水价政策的应用 * 马 中 ,周 芳 ( 中国人民大学环境学院,北京 100872) 摘要：基于物质平衡模型,构建了经济系统水平衡模型及部门的水平衡模型,并利用水平衡模型核算 A 市工业和居民用水、排水的真实状 况,评估水价政策的执行效果, 以期为我国水价政策的制定、实施和完善提供参考.结果表明,循环用水具有节水和减排的双重效果:工业的用 排比和无处理排水量远高于居 ,A 市工业水用排比是居民的 2.9 倍,工业无处理排水量是居民的 3.6 倍;对用水和排水监管不严,导致实际 水费收入远低于应征水费收入.在 2009 年的水价标准下,A 市少征收水费 11802 万元,有效的水价政策必须建立在严格监管的基础之上. 关键词：物质平衡模型；水平衡模型；水价政策 中图分类号：X703.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2012)09-1722-07 * Water balance model and its application in water price policies. MA Zhong , ZHOU Fang (School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China). China Environmental Science, 2012,32(9)： 1722~1728 Abstract ：On the basis of material balance approach, the water balance models for the economic system and three sectors were constructed separately. Taking A City as a case, the amounts of water use and sewage emissions were computed ,by using the water balance model, and the implementation effects of the water price policies were assessed, which wasto provide a reference for formulation, implementation and improvement of the water price policies. The results demonstrated that water recycling had dual effects of water conservation and pollution abatement. The ratio of water consumption and discharge and the amount of untreated waste water in industry were much higher than that of residents, which were 2.9 and 3.6 times in A City respectively. Poor management of water use and waste water could lead to the revenues of water pricing much lower than the proposed ones. In A City 118.02 million RMB were uncollected with the standard of water price in 2009. In conclusion, effective water pricing policies s