微生物生理及代谢调控.pptVIP

Aerobe- an aerobic organism can use oxygen in its metabolism and possesses the enzymes needed to process toxic oxygen products. Obligate aerobes cannot grow without oxygen.facultative anaerobe- is an aerobe that doesnt require oxygen for its metabolism and iscapable of growth in the absence of it.microaerophile- doesnt grow at normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen but requires a small amount of it in metabolism.Anaerobe- Lacks the metabolic enzyme systems for using oxygen in respiration. pH effects:The majority of organisms live or grow in habitats between pH 6 and 8 because strong acids and bases can behighly damaging to enzymes and other cellular substances. Acidophile An organism with optimal growth at pH levels of 3 or below Alkaliphile An organism with optimal growth at pH levels of 9 or above Osmotic Pressure:Most microbes exist under hypotonic or isotonic conditions. Osmophiles live in habitats with a high solute concentration. An osmotolerant microbe can adapt to a wide concentration in solutes. Halophile An organism requiring at least 0.2M concentrations of salt (NaCl) for growth Extreme enzymes The thermoalkaliphilic catalase, which initiates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, was isolated from an organism, Thermus brockianus, found in Yellowstone National Park by Idaho National Laboratory researchers. The catalase operates over a temperature range from 30°C to over 94°C and a pH range from 6-10. This catalase is extremely stable compared to other catalases at high temperatures and pH. In a comparative study, the T. brockianus catalase exhibited a half life of 15 days at 80°C and pH 10 while a catalase derived from Aspergillus niger had a half life of 15 seconds under the same conditions. The catalase will have applications for removal of hydrogen peroxide in industrial processes such as pulp and paper bleaching, textile bleaching, food pasteurization, and surface decontamination of food packaging. DNA modi