定语从句讲解ppt模版课件.pptVIP

The Attributive Clause (定语从句） （一）定义：在复合句中，形容词性的从句，修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 引导定语从句的词叫关联代词或关联副词 结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） eg： The girl behind the tree is Kate.= The man driving too fast was drunk. = （二）关系代词与关系副词 普通代词与关系代词的区别 I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. 关系代词： （如上例who/which） 1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来） 选择关系代词的三步骤： 1.找出整个句子的主谓宾主干 2.找出先行词 确定先行词在从句中的成份 3.确定关系代词的人称与数，及定语从句的时态 指人：who (主/宾格) that whom(宾格) whose 指物：that which 指人或物:that whose 2)在从句中不能再重复使用相当于先行词的词 eg:This is the right book that you are looking for the book. × This is the right book that you are looking for it. × This is the right book that you are looking for . 1. 关系代词that, which引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语) 小结： that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略. 小结：引导定语从句的关系词 1)关系代词起代词作用，关系副词起副词作用。因此同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的位置不同需要挑选不同的关系词。 eg:This is the place where he works. 关系词作状语=in the place This is the place which we visited. 关系词作宾语= the place 2)在口语中that可代替关系副词 eg:This is the place that he works. 3)有时为了句子平衡，较短的定语插入定语从句和先行词中间 eg:I was the only person in my office that was invited. 4)关系代词做从句主语时，从句谓语的人称与先行词一至。 eg:Those who are going come here. 5)先行词为句子时，从句的谓语应为第三人称单数。 eg:The exams were put off which was exactly what we wanted. 6)关系代词与介词: 关系代词或“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语时，被修饰次要提前。介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略) 1,This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of . 2,The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big. 注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at … eg:Is