形合意合与翻译(改写).pptVIP

从形合意合谈汉译英（改写版，供写论文参考。）?On C-E Translationfrom the Perspective of Hypotaxis and Parataxis Outline 1 Hypotaxis and Parataxis 2 Two Ways of Forming an English Sentence 3 Major Differences in Structure 4 Sentence Combination 1 What are Hypotaxis and Parataxis? In general, hypotaxis is harmony in form, and parataxis is harmony in meaning. 1.1 The definition of hypotaxis Hypotaxis is the grammatical arrangement of functionally similar but unequal constructs (hypo=beneath, taxis=arrangement), i.e., constructs playing an unequal role in a sentence. A common example of syntactic expression of hypotaxis is subordination in a complex sentence. 1.2 The definition of parataxis Parataxis is a way of writing or speaking that favors short, simple sentences, with the use of coordinating rather than subordinating conjunctions. (from Greek for “act of placing side by side”; Para=beside + tassein=arrange). It is a literary technique, contrasted with hypotaxis. 1.3 The three devices to form a sentence Words are connected in three ways to form a sentence: syntactical devices, lexical devices and semantic devices. Syntactical devices and lexical devices pertain to hypotaxis, and semantic devices pertain to parataxis. 2 Two Ways of Forming English Sentences Coordination（并列）and subordination（从属） are ways of combining words, phrases, and clauses into more complex forms. The discussion below examines coordination and subordination of clauses. 2.1 Coordination （并列） Coordination of sentences is a grammatical strategy that the ideas in two or more INDEPENDENT CLAUSES are equivalent or balanced. Coordination can produce harmony by bringing related elements together. Coordination uses coordinating conjunctions (central coordinators are and, but, and or) （只有以上三个常用的并列连词）or punctuation (mainly semicolon 分号) to combine short independent clauses into a single sentence. 2.2 Subordination （从属） Subordination is a g