科技英语-Unit-1-2-发言稿.doc

山东协和学院讲稿 Unit 1 Mathematics (2) 1 Warm-up questions What are the basic elements of games and what is the goal of the participants in the game? In order to win in a game, what kind of approach or strategy should be applied? 2 Text Organization Part One: paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperative forms. Part Two: paras. 4-11 There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence; sequential move game and simultaneous-move game. Part Three: paras: 12-19 The typical examples of game theory are given as basic principles such as prisoners’ dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information. Part Four: para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future. 3 Terms related to game theory mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈 sequential-move game 连续策略博弈 simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈 linear reasoning 直线推理 circular reasoning 循环推理 Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡 dominant strategy 支配性策略 optimal result 最优化结果 breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂 strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略 完全博弈 pure conflict 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation 策略性相互作用 strategic interdependence 囚徒困境 prisoners’ dilemma 长远性损失 long-run loss 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy 混合性策略 mixing one’s moves (网球)斜线球或底线球 hi ta passing shot cross-court or down the line 垄断性市场 monopoly market 均衡份额 equilibrium shares 4 Language Points a) The games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (para.1) Paraphrase: The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child brnging-up and from tennis to handovers. takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. b) Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (para.2) pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to