国际投资教材新c1-3.pptVIP

O = Ownership Advantages (Firm Specific Advantages) Knowledge/Technology: new products, processes, marketing and management skills, innovatory capacity, the non-codifiable knowledge base of firm. Economies of large size: economies of scale and scope, product diversity and learning, access to capital, international diversification of assets and risks. Monopolistic advantages: privileged or exclusive access to markets due to patent rights, brand names, interfirm relationships, ownership of scarce natural resources. * L = Location Advantages (Country Specific Advantages) Economic Advantages: