细胞增殖周期调控课件.ppt

Figure 27-7. Genetic network cascade in early Drosophila development. Body segmentation in the Drosophila embryo results from the sequential and spatially localized expression of specific genes. During early development, maternal-effect genes set up the anterior-posterior orientation of the oblong embryo. Within a very short time, four different groups of genes, depicted here, that encode for transcription factors are expressed and function to regulate not only each others expression but also many other genes whose products are necessary for proper sequential transformation of linear positional information into a periodic pattern. Note the alternating patterns of gene expression (orange vs. white areas) that establish boundaries necessary for proper segmentation. (Modified from [33], with permission.) Figure 27-8. Dorsal ventral morphogenesis in Drosophila: transcription factor regulatory cascade. The generation of the dorsal ventral axis is dependent upon a network of transcription factors. The key nuclear morphogen is dorsal (dl), a member of the rel/NFkB family, whose shallow gradient in early embryo nuclei (left box: a schematic side view section representation of the embryo, dorsal is at top, ventral at bottom) is based upon a gradient in nuclear translocation: nuclear localization of transcription factors in ventral nuclei (dark orange), both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization in lateral regions (light orange) and only cytoplasmic localization in dorsal regions (white), where it remains inactive. dl creates, in turn, the expression gradient of at least six other transcription factors (see four boxes to right). dl activates the expression of twist (twi), a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor, and snail (sna), a zinc-finger transcription factor. The combined expression of twi and sna leads to induction of the ventral mesoderm. In addition, the combination of twi-positive autoregulation (small circular arrow) and the ability of dl to activate sna along