孕期营养与母婴健康讲义.ppt

* * The newborns in this study were small but healthy. 1Cunningham FG et al. 1997. Williams Obstetrics, 20th ed. Appleton Lange: Stamford, Connecticut 2Susser M, Stein Z. Timing in prenatal nutrition: a reprise of the Dutch Famine Study. Nutr Rev. 1994 Mar;52(3):84-94. * Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000080. Energy/protein restriction for high weight-for-height or weight gain during pregnancy. Kramer MS. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of prescribing a low-energy diet to pregnant women who are either overweight, or who exhibited high weight gain earlier in gestation, on subsequent weight gain, pre-eclampsia, and the outcome of pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register was searched and researchers in the field were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: All acceptably controlled comparisons of protein/energy restriction prescribed to pregnant women who meet one or both of the criteria listed above. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by the author from published reports, and supplemented by additional information from trialists contacted by the author. MAIN RESULTS: Three studies involving 266 women were involved. Energy/protein restriction leads to a significant reduction in weekly maternal weight gain and in birth weight but has no clear effect on either pregnancy-induced hypertension or pre-eclampsia. Other outcomes, including fetal/infant mortality and other measures of maternal morbidity (eg Caesarean section) or long-term nutritional status, have not been reported. REVIEWERS CONCLUSIONS: Protein/energy restriction of pregnant women who are overweight or exhibit high weight gain is unlikely to be beneficial and may be harmful to the developing fetus. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jan;52 Suppl 1:S83-93. Nutritional interventions to prevent intrauterine growth retardation: evidence from randomized controlled trials. de Onis M, Villar J, Gülmezoglu M. Nutrition Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switz