聚乳酸微生物分解性之探讨.docVIP

聚乳酸微生物分解性之探討 Studies on Microbial Degradation of Polylactic Acid 研究生：林晉毅 Lin, Geng-Yi 指導教授：古源光 Guu, Yuan-Kuang 、邱秋霞 Chiu, Chiu-Hsia 【摘要】 由於傳統塑膠大量使用，所產生之廢棄物已經造成很嚴重的環境污染，而聚乳酸已經被證實可以取代許多以石油化學為基礎之塑膠應用，加上聚乳酸具有熱可塑性、原料來源為再生資源、生物可分解性等優點，所以非常受到重視。目前微生物降解聚乳酸這方面的研究相當少，但是已經有研究指出，將明膠加入微生物的培養基中，可以提高聚乳酸薄膜之降解速率。在降解聚乳酸中，放線菌扮演重要的角色，其中以 Lentzea waywayandensis 菌之降解效果最好， 100 mg PLA 膜經過七天降解作用即可達 95% 降解率。因此本實驗從美國購買 L. waywayandensis 菌，主要針對其微生物降解性做探討。實驗結果顯示，菌株以醱酵槽培養後，在第二階段降解試驗中， 100 mg PLA 膜只需作用五天，其降解率即超過 97% ，故本研究之實驗菌株均培養在醱酵槽中。而經由反應曲面法試驗後，得到最適 PLA 膜降解之菌株培養條件為培養溫度 35℃ 、轉速 350 rpm 及通氣量 1 vvm ，且以 0.1% 明膠添加量之培養方式較佳。更進一步探討 PLA 膜面積與 PLA 型態對降解試驗之影響，結果顯示 PLA 型態對降解速率之影響較大，粉末狀可比薄膜狀快兩天。為了提高降解速率及簡化 PLA 之前處理，本研究探討實驗菌株對未經滅菌之 PLA 膜的降解情形，並以反應動力學找出最適基質濃度與最大降解速率，以確定液態醱酵降解 PLA 之工業化條件。結果顯示，未經滅菌之 PLA 膜的降解速率會受到其它污染物的影響，而經由反應動力學所求得之最大降解速率為 0.2866 mg/mL·hr 、 Km 值為 33.444 mg/mL 關鍵字：聚乳酸、生物可分解、放線菌、明膠、反應曲面法、反應動力學 【Abstract】 Due to mass applications of petrochemical-based plastics, disposal of their solid waste has caused serious problem on environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) is proved to be a viable alternative to petrochemical-based plastics for many applications. It is an attractive commodity amongst the polymer family because it is thermoplastic, produced from annually renewable resources, biodegradable et al. However, literature search finds only few studies on microbial degradation of PLA. Paper showed that degradation rate of PLA film was greatly increased by addition of gelatin into the culture medium. Actinomycetes play an important role in PLA degradation. Lentzea waywayandensis show the best degradation performances, which is 95% (7 days). In this research, L. waywayandensis was imported from USA for studying its degradation efficiency. Results showed that PLA films was degraded by more than 97% by L. waywayandensis after growing in 5 L bioreactor. Fermentation factors of this strain were determined by response surface method (RSM) for the optimal conditions, which in turn were used for increasing of mic