促进节能的政策措施(国家层面).pptVIP

促进节能的政策措施Energy Efficiency Policies and Measures International EE Programs and Policies国际能效项目与政策 Mandatory Voluntary Energy Codes and Standards Most Important Policies for EE能效标准是最重要的节能政策之一 Savings Exceed 6,000 MW in California today and 13,000 MW as of Year 2010 (Compared to About 45,000 MW of Total Electricity). 在美国加州，今天的能源节约超过6000兆瓦，到2010年将超过13000兆瓦（与大约45000兆瓦的总耗电量相比） Fuel Cost Savings Are at Least Twice the Cost of Efficiency. 燃料成本的节约至少是节能成本的两倍 Tax Incentives 税收激励 Performance-Based基于绩效 Incentive depends only on meeting an energy target 激励程度取决于要满足的某一节能目标 Cost-Based基于成本 Incentive depends only on how much you spend on energy efficiency 激励程度取决于由于提高能源效率而导致的成本增加 Consideration for Incentive Policy Design激励机制设计 Part of a broad energy policy package，Provide for positive interaction between energy codes, labels, and financial incentives. 是综合能源政策的一部分，与能源法规、标准、标识产生积极互动 Incentives should be based on performance and not cost, whenever possible. 尽可能使激励手段基于绩效而非成本 Energy performance goals should be ambitious enough to: 节能绩效目标应该能： Minimize free ridership 使“搭便车”行为减至最少 Control costs 考虑承受能力、控制成本 Consideration for Incentive Policy Design激励机制设计 Targets may be provided in several tiers. 可对目标分批、分级实现 An administrative structure to oversee incentive awarding 建立管理机构来监督激励项目的实施 To maintain integrity 需要监督来保证公正性 not burdensome 程序不应该太繁琐 Compliance documentation should have market value 达标证书应该具有市场价值 Provide complementary programs for education, outreach, and marketing of the tax incentives. 要针对激励政策开展教育、推广以及宣传活动，提高效果 Delivery Mechanisms实施机制 State agency grants or loans 政府机构拨款或贷款 Tax incentives at national or provincial level designed by officials 由政府部门决定国家或地方的税收激励 State or national tax incentives fixed by legislation or decree. 通过立法或法令确定州级或国家级的税收激励 Administrative Mechanisms管理机制 Utility-run rebate programs. 公用事业部门实施的补贴项目 Private sector or non-profit programs. 私营部门或非营利部门 Provincial or national Energy or Environmental Agency admini