天文学导论_宇宙概观.ppt

Suppose Sun (1.4 106 km diameter), or ~ 110 (109) Earth diameters) is scaled down to the size of a period (0.5mm), Then a near star whose distance is 5 (4.3) ly would be 16 km away! The milky Way Galaxy (~10^5 ly in diameter) would be ~ 320,000 km! (Not quite as far as the Moon). The nearest other major galaxy (~2.5 million ly): Andromeda, would be ~ 8 million km away! Our universe is not infinite old, it began! It is now generally believed that the universe started in a event we call it as the Big Bang, which took place around 14 billion years ago. 14 billion years is how long it has taken for the universe to expand from a very small size to the size it has right row. At first the universe was a glowing opaque fireball, everything is dense, hot and compressed, but it cooled down enough to become transparent after around 300,000 years Our galaxy (the Milky Way) formed about 13 billion years ago. For a few hundred million years, there was a violent swirl of gas and supernovae, and then the first stars emerged from the dust. Stars are constantly forming and dying in our galaxy. Average stars like our Sun last about 10 billion years. Big stars may only last a few hundred thousand years, while small ones last hundreds of billion years. 几十万年 – 100亿年 – 数千亿年 Our Sun, and its nine planets (including the Earth) only formed about 4.5 billion years ago, relatively recently compared to the history of the universe. A rocky planet like the Earth could not be formed around the first generation stars because the heavy elements did not yet exist Around 3.5 million years ago, early hominids appeared. About 350,000 years ago, Homo Sapiens appeared 7,000 AU (1015 m) The Solar System Step 8: 1015 metres 空旷的空间 700,000 AU = 10 light years (1017 m) 太阳系 Alpha Centauri System 半人马座 Step 9: 1017 metres. Nearby Stars Picture of Proxima Centauri (半人马座比邻星) the nearest star to our own, 4.3 光年 away). 1000 light years (1019 m) Step 10: 1019 metres. Many Stars 1000 light years (1019 m) Step 10: 10