翻译的语言学方法.pptx

Contemporary Western Translation Theories(1960s-Present);Contents;;Linguistic Approaches to Translation （语言学派）;;;John Catford (British linguist and translation theorist): A Linguistic Theory of Translation (《翻译的语言学理论》1965). Based on M.A.K. Halliday (British linguist): systemic functional grammar (系统功能语法). Wolfram Wills (German linguist and translation theorist): The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods (《翻译科学：问题与方法》1977，1982). Influenced by Nida’s theory.;Linguistically-oriented translation theories: focus on “translation equivalence” (翻译对等): Examples: Nida’s translation model is closely related to dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence. Catford’s translation model distinguishes between formal correspondence (形式对应) and textual equivalence (文本等值). Wills’s translation model: text-pragmatic equivalence (文本语用等效).;;;Representatives;Eugene A. Nida (1914-)  (尤金·奈达);;;;Nida’s Theory;;;;;;;;;;Nida’s TranslationTheory of Back-transformation (逆转换理论) 为了阐释动态对等，奈达借鉴经典转换生成语法理论中的“核心句”(kernel sentence)和“转换”等概念，提出了著名的逆转换翻译理论。 这个曲折的过程包括四个阶段：分析、转换、重组和检验。图示如下： ; 具体地说，就是在对原文进行语法语义分析的基础上，将其从表层结构逆转换为深层结构，然后传译到译文深层结构，最后再从译文深层结构转换为译文表层结构。最后对译文进行比较和检验。 著名的逆转换翻译模式—三段式转换，即： a.追溯原文句子结构最简单、语义最清楚的核心 句(kernel sentence)； b.将核心句从原语中译出； c.按照译出的核心句生成译语中的表层句子。 ;Peter Newmark (1916-) (彼特·纽马克) ;;Newmark’s Translation Theory;;;;;;;;; Albert Neubert;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Albrecht Neubert;;;Ideas in Translation as Text;; Translation and paradox;;;;;;Translation and paradox;;Translation and paradox;;Translation and paradox;; Translation(s) and text;;;Translation(s) and text;; Models of translation; Models of translation; Linguistic model vs. Text-linguistic model;; Linguistic model vs. Text-linguistic model;;Linguistic model text-linguistic model;Linguistic model text-linguistic model;