OIE《陆生动物诊断试验和疫苗手册》布氏杆菌病 2018版2.1.4章只用条款1.4.pdf

Description of the disease: Brucellosis is the generic name used for the animal and human infections caused by several species of the genus Brucella, mainly Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis. Infection with Brucella in cattle is usually caused by B. abortus, less frequently by B. melitensis, and occasionally by B. suis. Brucella melitensis is the main causative agent of infection with Brucella in sheep and goats. Infection with Brucella in pigs is due to B. suis biovars 1– 3, but the disease caused by biovar 2 differs in its host range, its limited geographical distribution and its pathogenicity. In some areas, B. suis infection has become established in wild pigs. Clinically, infection with Brucella in animals is characterised by one or more of the following signs: abortion, retained placenta, orchitis, epididymitis and, rarely, arthritis, with excretion of the organisms in uterine discharges and in milk. Unequivocal diagnosis depends on the isolation of Brucella from abortion material, udder secretions or from tissues removed at post-mortem. Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis are highly pathogenic for humans, and potentially contaminated tissues, cultures and materials must be handled under appropriate containment conditions. Identification of the agent: Evidence of Brucella is provided by the demonstration of Brucella-like organisms in abortion material or vaginal discharge using modified acid-fast staining, and is considered presumptive, especially if supported by serological tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are additional means for detection of the presence of Brucella DNA in a sample. Whenever possible, Brucella spp. should be isolated by culturing samples from uterine discharges, aborted fetuses, u