OIE《水生动物疫病诊断手册》 螯虾瘟 2018版2.2.2章只用条款4.2.1, 4.3.1.2.3.pdfVIP

C H A P T E R 2 . 2 . 2 . I N F E C T I O N W I T H A P H A N O M Y C E S A S T A C I ( C R A Y F I S H P L A G U E ) 1. Scope Infection with Aphanomyces astaci means infection with the pathogenic agent A. astaci of the Family Leptolegniaceae, Phylum Oomycota (water moulds). The disease is commonly known as crayfish plague. 2. Disease information 2.1. Agent factors 2.1.1. Aetiological agent, agent strains Aphanomyces astaci is a member of a group of organisms commonly known as the water moulds. Although long regarded to be fungi, this group, the Oomycetida or oomycota, are now considered protists and are classified with diatoms and brown algae in a group called the Stramenopiles or Chromista. Chromista are a eukaryotic supergroup, probably polyphyletic, which may be treated as a separate kingdom or included among the Protista. Four groups (A–D) of A. astaci have been described based on random amplification of polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD PCR) (Huang et al., 1994; Diéguez Uribeondo et al., 1995): Group A (the so called Astacus strains) comprises a number of strains that were isolated from Astacus astacus and Astacus leptodactylus ; these strains are thought to have been in Europe for a long period of time. Group B (Pacifastacus strains I) includes isolates from both A. astacus in Sweden and Pacifastacus leniusculus from Lake Tahoe, USA. Imported to Europe, P. leniusculus have probably introduced A. astaci and infected the native A. astacus in Europe. Group C (Pacifastacus strains II) consists of a strain isolated from P. leniuscu