OIE《陆生动物诊断试验和疫苗手册》非洲马瘟 2018版2.5.1章只用条款1.2.2.、1.2.3.、1.2.4..pdfVIP

Description of the disease: African horse sickness (AHS) is an infectious but noncontagious viral disease affecting all species of equidae caused by an Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae and characterised by alterations in the respiratory and circulatory functions. AHS is transmitted by at least two species of Culicoides. Nine different serotypes have been described. All serotypes of AHS occ ur in eastern and southern Africa. AHS serotypes 9, 4 and 2 have been found in North and West Africa, from where they occasionally spread into countries surrounding the Mediterranean. Examples of outbreaks that have occurred outside Africa are: in the Middle East (1959–1963), in Spain (serotype 9, 1966, serotype 4, 1987–1990), and in Portugal (serotype 4, 1989). Laboratory diagnosis of AHS is essential. Although the clinical signs and lesions are characteristic, they can be confused with those of other equine diseases. As a viral disease, the laboratory diagnosis of AHS can be based on the identification of infectious virus, virus nucleic acid, viral antigens or specific antibodies. A wide variety of laboratory tests have been adapted for the detection of both AHS virus (AHSV) and specific antibodies. Identification of the agent: It is particularly important to perform virus isolation and serotyping whenever AHS outbreaks occur outside the enzootic regions in order to choose a homologous serotype for the vaccine. AHSV can be isolated from blood collected during the early febrile stage. For virus isolation, the other tissues of choice for diagnosis are spleen, lung, and lymph nodes, collected at necropsy. Sample preparations can be inoculated in cell cultures, such as baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21), monkey stable (MS), African green monkey kidney (Vero) or insect cells (KC), intravenously in embryonated eggs. Se