西方经济学考试复习参考.docVIP

第一题 1、请列举三个你在大学生活中重要的权衡取舍的例子。 答：（1）大学毕业后，面临着是否继续深造的选择，选择继续上学攻读研究生学位，就意味着在今后三年中放弃参加工作、赚工资和积累社会经验的机会； （2）在学习内容上也面临着很重要的权衡取舍，如果学习经济学，就要减少学习英语或其他专业课的时间； （3）对于不多的生活费的分配问题同样面临权衡取舍，要多买书，就要减少在吃饭、买衣服等其他方面的开支。 1、Give three examples of important tradeoffs that you face in your collage life. Answer:we love to get one thing,and ofen have to give up another things.That is to make a decision between two targets is to tradeoff between two targets. After graduating from college,we are face with two choices,to stay in school for further education or to work. The learning content is also faced a very important trade-off. For example, if we study economics, we have to spend less time on English and other courses. For the distribution of living expenses is also faced trade-off. If we spend more money in buying books, we have to reduce the expense on eating, clothes or other aspects. 第二题 经济学分为哪两个领域？解释每个领域各研究什么。 答：（1）经济学分为微观经济学和宏观经济学两个分领域。 （2）微观经济学研究经济中的个体现象，家庭和企业如何作出决策以及他们在市场上的相互交易；宏观经济学研究经济总体现象，包括通货膨胀、失业和经济增长。 2、What are the two subfields into which economics is divided? Explain what each subfield studies? Answer: (1) economics is divided into two subfields: microeconomics and macroeconomics. (2) microeconomics study individual phenomena of the economy,families and businensses on how to make decisions as well as their mutual trade in the market; macroeconomices study the overall economy phenomenon,including inflation,unenployment and economy growth. 第三题 实证表述与规范表述的差别是什么？各举出一个例子。 （二）区别： （1）二者的概念不同：实证表述是描述性的，是关于世界是什么的表述；而规范表述是是命令性的，是关于世界应该是什么的表述。 （2）二者判断其正确性的方法不同：实证表述和规范表述的主要差别是我们如何判断他们的正确性。从原则上说，我们可以通过检验证据而确认或否定实证表述（如经济学家要评估上述实证表述的例子，可以通过分析最低工资数据的变动以及不同时间段而导致的失业状况的变化来判断）； 而规范表述的判断不仅涉及事实数据，还要涉及价值观的问题（如要评估上述规范表述的例子，就不能仅仅通过事实数据，还要考虑道德标准、宗教信仰、伦理哲学）。（还要考虑道德标准、伦理哲学等价值观问题。） Answer: (A) For example: Positive statements: Minimum wage laws cause unemployment. Normative statements: The government should raise the minimum wage. (B) The differences: ①The difference between the two concepts: